हरिः ॐ | Hari OM.
Today, we took a sneak peak in to past tense. We had stumbled upon it a few times earlier in some of the exercises in abhyaasapustakam, but we had reserved it for a later class.
We first reviewed the present tense form of the verbs along with their dhatus that we had learned in the past sessions. Now a crude way to indicate that the action happened in the past, is to add this special word, स्म, to the verb in present tense. This is irrespective of the puruShaH and vacanam. Very simple :) Strictly speaking, this does not exactly represent past tense in sanskrit grammar, but comes to the aid of a beginner communicating in sanskrit, who has knowledge of the present tense forms of the verb, to convey that the action happened in the past, and is not present.
This is hoping that the beginner shall progress further and learn past tense in its true form, and then not rely in this aid. It is similar to taking the help of a float or a noodle to first get comfortable with the water in the swimming pool. Once you learn to swim, of course you do not need to hang on to the noodle :) So until you learn past tense, hang on to स्म to swim in the ocean of sanskrit :)
Examples:
सीता नृत्यति स्म | Sita danced in the past, or, Sita used to dance.
अहं ध्यानं करोमि स्म | I meditated in the past, or, I used to meditate.
We then briefly looked at another way of communicating past tense: using the -ktavat pratyaya, which when suffixed to the verb, gives the past participle form of a verb. The ktavat pratyaya form varies based on the gender and number, but does not change or vary based on the person/puruSha.
Examples:
रामः वनं गतवान् | Rama had gone to the forest.
अहं आपणं गतवान् | I had gone to the store.
सा फलं खादितवती | She had eaten a fruit.
अहं मात्रुगृहं गतवती | I had gone to my mother's house.
However once we learn to conjugate the verb roots in past tense, these usages are discouraged.
With that our one year of sanskrit learning came to a conclusion.
Keep reading articles in sanskrit, until we meet again.
धन्यवादाः |
ॐ शान्तिः शान्तिः शान्तिः ||
Today, we took a sneak peak in to past tense. We had stumbled upon it a few times earlier in some of the exercises in abhyaasapustakam, but we had reserved it for a later class.
We first reviewed the present tense form of the verbs along with their dhatus that we had learned in the past sessions. Now a crude way to indicate that the action happened in the past, is to add this special word, स्म, to the verb in present tense. This is irrespective of the puruShaH and vacanam. Very simple :) Strictly speaking, this does not exactly represent past tense in sanskrit grammar, but comes to the aid of a beginner communicating in sanskrit, who has knowledge of the present tense forms of the verb, to convey that the action happened in the past, and is not present.
This is hoping that the beginner shall progress further and learn past tense in its true form, and then not rely in this aid. It is similar to taking the help of a float or a noodle to first get comfortable with the water in the swimming pool. Once you learn to swim, of course you do not need to hang on to the noodle :) So until you learn past tense, hang on to स्म to swim in the ocean of sanskrit :)
Examples:
सीता नृत्यति स्म | Sita danced in the past, or, Sita used to dance.
अहं ध्यानं करोमि स्म | I meditated in the past, or, I used to meditate.
We then briefly looked at another way of communicating past tense: using the -ktavat pratyaya, which when suffixed to the verb, gives the past participle form of a verb. The ktavat pratyaya form varies based on the gender and number, but does not change or vary based on the person/puruSha.
Examples:
रामः वनं गतवान् | Rama had gone to the forest.
अहं आपणं गतवान् | I had gone to the store.
सा फलं खादितवती | She had eaten a fruit.
अहं मात्रुगृहं गतवती | I had gone to my mother's house.
However once we learn to conjugate the verb roots in past tense, these usages are discouraged.
With that our one year of sanskrit learning came to a conclusion.
Keep reading articles in sanskrit, until we meet again.
धन्यवादाः |
ॐ शान्तिः शान्तिः शान्तिः ||
