नमो नमः |
We started the class reviewing the declensions of nouns that we have discussed until now: nominative, accusative, genitive and locative cases.
We then recalled how we call out to our Gods and offer our salutations:
ॐ नमः शिवाय | Salutations to Shiva.
ॐ नमो नारायणाय | Salutations to Narayana.
ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय | Salutations to Bhagavan vaasudeva.
सरस्वति नमस्तुभ्यं ( नमः + तुभ्यं ) | Hey Saraswati, salutations to you.
तस्मै श्री गुरवे नमः | Salutations to that Sri Guru.
ॐ श्री परात्मने नमः | Salutations to the Revered Supreme Soul.
नमस्तस्यै नमस्तस्यै नमो नमः | Salutations to Her, Salutations to Her, Salutations, Salutations.
Hey, the good news is all of us are already familiar with chaturthi vibhakti, also known as the dative case.
Thus, when we salute someone, we use the dative case. There are other instances when dative case is used in sanskrit. We will learn them as we go.
Let us now understand, the pattern used to decline a noun in chaturthI vibhakti in all three genders in singular number.
We started the class reviewing the declensions of nouns that we have discussed until now: nominative, accusative, genitive and locative cases.
We then recalled how we call out to our Gods and offer our salutations:
ॐ नमः शिवाय | Salutations to Shiva.
ॐ नमो नारायणाय | Salutations to Narayana.
ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय | Salutations to Bhagavan vaasudeva.
सरस्वति नमस्तुभ्यं ( नमः + तुभ्यं ) | Hey Saraswati, salutations to you.
तस्मै श्री गुरवे नमः | Salutations to that Sri Guru.
ॐ श्री परात्मने नमः | Salutations to the Revered Supreme Soul.
नमस्तस्यै नमस्तस्यै नमो नमः | Salutations to Her, Salutations to Her, Salutations, Salutations.
Hey, the good news is all of us are already familiar with chaturthi vibhakti, also known as the dative case.
Thus, when we salute someone, we use the dative case. There are other instances when dative case is used in sanskrit. We will learn them as we go.
Let us now understand, the pattern used to decline a noun in chaturthI vibhakti in all three genders in singular number.
| Nominative Case | Dative Case | Dative Case description |
| रामः | रामाय | to Rama |
| कृष्णः | कृष्णाय | to Krishna |
| सीता | सीतायै | to Sita |
| देवी | देव्यै | to Devi |
| मित्रम् | मित्राय | to a friend |
Well, for this vibhakti, we know the declensions for more than just the akaaranta pullinga shabda, aakaaranta striilinga shabda, iikaaraanta striilinga shabda and akaaraanta napumsakalinga shabda. But we will focus on these endings for now, until we explore all the vibhaktis.
In the previous session, we had discussed that the declension patterns are different in the case of pronouns. So let us look at chaturthii vibhakti for the pronouns that we know.
| Nominative Case | Dative Case | Dative Case description |
| सः | तस्मै | to Him |
| सा | तस्यै | to Her |
| तत् | तस्मै | to that |
| त्वं | तुभ्यं | to you |
| अहं | मह्यं | to me |
We chanted the first 5 verses from Chapter 14 of Bhagavad Gita, and concluded our class with that.
Assignment:
Please identify and write down a shloka or prayer that you know, in sanskrit, that has chaturthi vibhakti usage.
ॐ शान्तिः शान्तिः शान्तिः |
