हरिः ॐ | नमो नमः |
HariH OM| namo namaH|
We reviewed what we had learned in the last session about gender. There are three genders in sanskrit language:
We had learned about the word किम् (kim), meaning "what?", in our previous conversations. The three gender forms of this word are:
We then reviewed the parts of the body listed in Page.1 of the book लतिका (latikaa). By examining the last syllable of each word, we tried to guess the gender of the word. Then picking the correct gender form of the pronouns, 'this' and 'what' in sanskrit, we formed simple questions and answers.
Q: एषः कः | (pointing at one's head, What is this?)
A: एषः शिरः| (This is head.)
Q: एषा का | (pointing at one's nose, What is this?)
A: एषा नासिका | (This is nose.)
Q: एतत् किम् | (pointing at one's eye, What is this?)
A: एतत् नेत्रं | (This is eye.)
That was fun. We realized today that in sanskrit language, the ending of a word, plays a significant role in determining the gender, and the pattern of operations to be performed. There are exceptions to the normal patterns, which we will explore in a later stage and period.
We briefly looked at the three number forms of few akaaraanta pullinga shabda-s, aakaaraanta striilinga shabda-s and halanta napumsakalinga shabda-s, in nominative case.
[Note: akaaraanta pullinga shabda, means, a word/noun that ends with the vowel 'a', and is of masculine gender. ajanta shabda, means a word/noun ending with a vowel. halanta shabda, means a word/noun ending with a consonant.]
Please note how the patterns are identical based on the ending letter/sound of the word.
We shall continue to explore this topic in detail in the next session.
We concluded our learning with Prayers.
ॐ शान्तिः शान्तिः शान्तिः
HariH OM| namo namaH|
We reviewed what we had learned in the last session about gender. There are three genders in sanskrit language:
- पुल्लिङ्गः (pullingaH) = masculine gender
- स्त्रीलिङ्गः (strIlingaH) = feminine gender
- नपुंसकलिङ्गः (napumsakalingaH) = neuter gender
संभाषणम् (sambhaaShaNam) - Conversation
We then learned about the three gender forms of 'etad', the root word, meaning "this".| एषः | eShaH | M. (Masculine) |
| एषा | eShaa | F. (Feminine) |
| एतत् | etat | N. (Neuter) |
We had learned about the word किम् (kim), meaning "what?", in our previous conversations. The three gender forms of this word are:
| कः | kaH | M. |
| का | kaa | F. |
| किम् | kim | N. |
We then reviewed the parts of the body listed in Page.1 of the book लतिका (latikaa). By examining the last syllable of each word, we tried to guess the gender of the word. Then picking the correct gender form of the pronouns, 'this' and 'what' in sanskrit, we formed simple questions and answers.
Q: एषः कः | (pointing at one's head, What is this?)
A: एषः शिरः| (This is head.)
Q: एषा का | (pointing at one's nose, What is this?)
A: एषा नासिका | (This is nose.)
Q: एतत् किम् | (pointing at one's eye, What is this?)
A: एतत् नेत्रं | (This is eye.)
That was fun. We realized today that in sanskrit language, the ending of a word, plays a significant role in determining the gender, and the pattern of operations to be performed. There are exceptions to the normal patterns, which we will explore in a later stage and period.
Topic: वचनम् (vachanam) - Number
We discussed that Sanskrit nouns have singular, dual and plural numbers. Dual number is used to refer the count, two and Plural number is used to refer the count, more than two. The numbers in sanskrit are:
- एक वचनम् (eka vachanam) = Singular Number
- द्वि वचनम् (dvi vachanam) = Dual Number
- बहु वचनम् (bahu vachanam) = Plural Number
[Note: akaaraanta pullinga shabda, means, a word/noun that ends with the vowel 'a', and is of masculine gender. ajanta shabda, means a word/noun ending with a vowel. halanta shabda, means a word/noun ending with a consonant.]
Please note how the patterns are identical based on the ending letter/sound of the word.
| एकवचनम् - Singular | द्विवचनम् - Dual | बहुवचनम् - Plural | Vowel Ending |
| रामः raamaH | रामौ raamau | रामाः raamaaH | akaaraantaH (followed by visarga) |
| शिरः shiraH | शिरौ shirau | शिराः shiraaH | akaaraantaH (followed by visarga) |
| बालिका baalikaa | बालिके baalike | बालिकाः baalikaaH | aakaaraantaH |
| कुञ्चिका kuñchikaa | कुञ्चिके kuñchike | कुञ्चिकाः kuñchikaaH | aakaaraantaH |
| फलम् phalam | फले phale | फलानि phalaani | akaaraantaH (followed by anusvaara) |
| नेत्रम् netram | नेत्रे netre | नेत्राणि netraaNi | akaaraantaH (followed by anusvaara) |
We shall continue to explore this topic in detail in the next session.
We concluded our learning with Prayers.
ॐ शान्तिः शान्तिः शान्तिः
